{"id":16187,"date":"2017-02-23T14:31:30","date_gmt":"2017-02-23T19:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/les-avis-des-experts-en-reconnaissance-de-substances-ne-doivent-pas-etre-consideres-comme-des-preuves-irrefutables\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T11:33:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T15:33:06","slug":"les-avis-des-experts-en-reconnaissance-de-substances-ne-doivent-pas-etre-consideres-comme-des-preuves-irrefutables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/proces-equitable-procedure-reguliere-et-condamnation\/les-avis-des-experts-en-reconnaissance-de-substances-ne-doivent-pas-etre-consideres-comme-des-preuves-irrefutables\/","title":{"rendered":"Les avis des experts en reconnaissance de substances ne doivent pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des preuves irr\u00e9futables"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]\n
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POUR DIFFUSION IMM\u00c9DIATE<\/strong><\/p>\n

TORONTO, Ontario \u0336 L’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles d\u00e9plore que la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada autorise l’utilisation, comme \u00e9l\u00e9ment de preuve, de l’\u00e9valuation subjective d’un expert en reconnaissance des substances psychoactives sans qu’un test de contr\u00f4le ne soit effectu\u00e9. <\/p>\n

La question soumise \u00e0 la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada dans l\u2019affaire R. c. Bingley<\/a><\/em> \u00e9tait de savoir si les constatations effectu\u00e9es en bordure de route par un DRE, c’est-\u00e0-dire un agent de police form\u00e9 pour identifier les personnes sous l’influence de drogues, sont admissibles comme preuve de culpabilit\u00e9 dans une affaire judiciaire. Ou bien les conclusions des DRE devraient-elles faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un voir dire de type Mohan<\/em> afin qu\u2019un juge puisse \u00e9valuer la qualit\u00e9 de la preuve et les qualifications du DRE avant que celle-ci ne puisse \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e en audience publique ? <\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, la majorit\u00e9 des juges a statu\u00e9, dans l\u2019affaire R. c. Bingley, que <\/em>la formation et l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u2019un expert en reconnaissance des odeurs d\u2019alcool (DRE) font de lui un expert et que, par cons\u00e9quent, ses avis n\u2019ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas besoin d\u2019\u00eatre examin\u00e9s plus avant par un juge avant de pouvoir \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s comme \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve devant le tribunal.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les experts en conduite sous l’influence de stup\u00e9fiants (DRE) poss\u00e8dent sans aucun doute une expertise en mati\u00e8re d’\u00e9valuation de l’alt\u00e9ration des facult\u00e9s due \u00e0 la consommation de stup\u00e9fiants qui d\u00e9passe l’exp\u00e9rience et les connaissances du juge des faits \u00bb, a \u00e9crit la majorit\u00e9 dans une d\u00e9cision rendue \u00e0 5 voix contre 2. L’opinion dissidente exprime de s\u00e9rieuses r\u00e9serves quant \u00e0 la fiabilit\u00e9 du processus d’\u00e9valuation des DRE et ne tiendrait pas cette fiabilit\u00e9 pour acquise dans chaque cas particulier. <\/p>\n

Les connaissances scientifiques concernant les effets alt\u00e9rants des drogues ou du cannabis restent encore assez floues. Contrairement \u00e0 la conduite en \u00e9tat d’ivresse, il n’existe aucune norme scientifique permettant de d\u00e9terminer si la capacit\u00e9 d’une personne \u00e0 conduire un v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 moteur est alt\u00e9r\u00e9e par une drogue ou par une combinaison d’alcool et de drogue. <\/p>\n

L’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles, qui est intervenue dans cette affaire devant la Cour supr\u00eame, s’inqui\u00e8te des dangers li\u00e9s au fait de se fier sans r\u00e9serve \u00e0 des donn\u00e9es scientifiques r\u00e9centes en tant que preuves d’expert admissibles et d\u00e9terminantes. Nous avons fait valoir que l\u2019admissibilit\u00e9 de l\u2019avis d\u2019un expert en reconnaissance des effets des drogues (DRE) sur la question de savoir si la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une personne \u00e0 conduire un v\u00e9hicule est alt\u00e9r\u00e9e par une drogue ou par une combinaison d\u2019alcool et de drogue ne devrait pas \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une preuve d\u2019expert sans avoir d\u2019abord fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une \u00e9valuation judiciaire par le biais d\u2019un voir dire de type Mohan<\/em>. <\/p>\n

\u00ab Compte tenu de la subjectivit\u00e9 inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 l\u2019avis d\u2019un expert en reconnaissance de drogues quant \u00e0 savoir si un accus\u00e9 a consomm\u00e9 des drogues, nous ne devrions pas consid\u00e9rer un avis subjectif comme une preuve irr\u00e9futable. Nous devrions plut\u00f4t recourir \u00e0 la garantie du voir dire de Mohan, qui existe pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour cette raison : cette garantie permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer la recevabilit\u00e9 \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Sukanya Pillay, directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et avocate principale de l\u2019ACLC.<\/p>\n

La majorit\u00e9 a toutefois soulign\u00e9 qu\u2019un juge de premi\u00e8re instance conserve le pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire d\u2019exclure des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve dans une affaire donn\u00e9e, en se fondant sur les types de probl\u00e8mes potentiels que nous avons identifi\u00e9s, notamment l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 d\u2019un expert en alcootest (DRE) \u00e0 expliquer comment il est parvenu \u00e0 sa conclusion, les indices de partialit\u00e9, le non-respect de la formation, ainsi que la contradiction entre l\u2019avis de l\u2019expert en alcootest et les preuves issues d\u2019\u00e9chantillons biologiques, voire les t\u00e9moignages de t\u00e9moins.<\/p>\n

L’avocat charg\u00e9 de d\u00e9fendre l’ACLC dans cette affaire \u00e9tait Stuart Zacharias, associ\u00e9 au sein du cabinet Lerners LLP.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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