{"id":15919,"date":"2019-05-10T18:33:42","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T22:33:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-quelle-est-la-place-de-facebook\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T11:28:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T15:28:31","slug":"dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-quelle-est-la-place-de-facebook","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-dexpression-quelle-est-la-place-de-facebook\/","title":{"rendered":"Dans la lutte pour la libert\u00e9 d’expression, quelle est la place de Facebook ?"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]En tant qu’organisation profond\u00e9ment attach\u00e9e \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression, l’ACLC s’est traditionnellement concentr\u00e9e sur les interdictions et les restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d’expression mises en place par le gouvernement ou les institutions publiques. Nous avons contest\u00e9 la port\u00e9e des lois sur les discours haineux et la pornographie infantile, plaid\u00e9 en faveur de modifications de la l\u00e9gislation sur la diffamation afin de favoriser la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, et soutenu des mesures l\u00e9gislatives visant \u00e0 rendre plus difficile le recours aux tribunaux pour \u00e9touffer la participation publique. <\/p>\n

Mais le contexte de la protection de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression a radicalement chang\u00e9 depuis la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019ACLC dans les ann\u00e9es 1960. Aujourd\u2019hui, les Canadiens ne se contentent plus de vivre au Canada : ils \u00e9voluent de plus en plus dans des espaces en ligne r\u00e9gis par des entreprises priv\u00e9es (et mondiales) dot\u00e9es d\u2019un pouvoir consid\u00e9rable. Bien que ces entreprises soient tenues de respecter la l\u00e9gislation locale, elles ne sont pas soumises \u00e0 la m\u00eame Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s<\/em> qui exige que les gouvernements ne restreignent nos droits que dans la mesure o\u00f9 ces restrictions sont raisonnables et justifiables. Facebook \u00e9labore ses propres normes communautaires et peut ensuite les appliquer sur sa plateforme, ainsi que les modifier quand bon lui semble. Il n\u2019y a ni contre-pouvoirs, ni s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs. Mais devrait-il en \u00eatre ainsi ? Devrions-nous commencer \u00e0 traiter Facebook davantage comme un gouvernement ? Est-ce vers cette direction qu\u2019il s\u2019oriente lui-m\u00eame ? <\/p>\n

Que vous consid\u00e9riez que l’action de Facebook rel\u00e8ve davantage de la mod\u00e9ration de contenu ou simplement de la censure, il est clair que ce g\u00e9ant des r\u00e9seaux sociaux s’est d\u00e9j\u00e0 profond\u00e9ment impliqu\u00e9 dans la t\u00e2che de d\u00e9terminer quels types de contenus ont leur place sur sa plateforme, et lesquels n’y ont absolument pas leur place. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, cela signifie que Facebook exerce un pouvoir consid\u00e9rable sur l\u2019expression en ligne \u2013 point final. Plus de 2 milliards de personnes utilisent la plateforme dans le monde entier, et pour certaines, il n\u2019y a pas de distinction significative entre Internet et Facebook. Consciente de l\u2019\u00e9norme pouvoir qu\u2019elle d\u00e9tient sur les contenus en ligne, l\u2019entreprise a propos\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un \u00ab comit\u00e9 de surveillance \u00bb Facebook<\/a> charg\u00e9 de prendre les d\u00e9cisions difficiles en mati\u00e8re de contenu. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer \u00e0 une table ronde canadienne organis\u00e9e par l\u2019entreprise pour discuter de cette proposition. Elle m\u00e8ne ces discussions \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, sollicite les commentaires du public par le biais d\u2019un processus de consultation<\/a> et pr\u00e9voit que le comit\u00e9 soit \u00ab op\u00e9rationnel \u00bb d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. <\/p>\n

L’id\u00e9e derri\u00e8re la cr\u00e9ation d’un comit\u00e9 de surveillance est que les d\u00e9cisions les plus d\u00e9licates concernant les contenus ne seraient pas laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 l’entreprise, mais rel\u00e8veraient plut\u00f4t d’un organisme \u00ab ind\u00e9pendant \u00bb auquel Facebook s’engage \u00e0 se \u00ab conformer \u00bb. J\u2019utilise les guillemets avec une certaine libert\u00e9, car les d\u00e9tails de cette proposition en sont encore \u00e0 un stade tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9liminaire. De nombreuses questions \u00e9pineuses restent \u00e0 trancher : comment ce comit\u00e9 serait-il constitu\u00e9 ; comment d\u00e9ciderait-il des \u00ab cas \u00bb \u00e0 \u00ab examiner \u00bb ; \u00e0 quoi ressemblerait une \u00ab audience \u00bb ; le processus serait-il contradictoire ou inquisitoire ; en quoi la mise en place d\u2019un tel comit\u00e9 sert-elle les int\u00e9r\u00eats de Facebook ; en quoi sert-elle ceux de ses utilisateurs ? Ce sont l\u00e0 des questions complexes auxquelles il n\u2019existe pas de r\u00e9ponses faciles. S\u2019il y a une chose que l\u2019on peut dire \u00e0 propos de la proposition de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un comit\u00e9 de surveillance, c\u2019est qu\u2019elle est ambitieuse. <\/p>\n

Je dois admettre que je ne sais pas encore si la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un comit\u00e9 de surveillance pour Facebook serait une avanc\u00e9e positive. Une partie de moi se demande si des normes mondiales en mati\u00e8re de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression sont r\u00e9ellement envisageables, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 \u00e0 quel point l\u2019expression est ancr\u00e9e dans les contextes et les cultures locaux \u2013 en particulier en ligne. N\u00e9anmoins, je pense qu\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter de nouvelles structures de gouvernance pourrait, \u00e0 tout le moins, susciter un d\u00e9bat mondial sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression : ce qu\u2019elle signifie, ses limites et la mani\u00e8re dont elle peut \u00eatre encourag\u00e9e. L\u2019ACLC participera sans aucun doute \u00e0 ce d\u00e9bat, et si la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression vous tient \u00e0 c\u0153ur, vous devriez en faire de m\u00eame.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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