{"id":15483,"date":"2020-11-20T03:05:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-20T08:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-cour-supreme-du-canada-juge-quune-loi-de-lontario-est-discriminatoire-envers-les-personnes-atteintes-dun-handicap-mental\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:13:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:13:48","slug":"une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-cour-supreme-du-canada-juge-quune-loi-de-lontario-est-discriminatoire-envers-les-personnes-atteintes-dun-handicap-mental","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/justice-penale\/une-victoire-pour-la-justice-et-legalite-la-cour-supreme-du-canada-juge-quune-loi-de-lontario-est-discriminatoire-envers-les-personnes-atteintes-dun-handicap-mental\/","title":{"rendered":"Une victoire pour la justice et l’\u00e9galit\u00e9 : la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada juge qu’une loi de l’Ontario est discriminatoire envers les personnes atteintes d’un handicap mental"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]20 novembre 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans un <\/span>ton<\/span> <\/span>Dans une d\u00e9cision rendue publique aujourd\u2019hui, la <\/span>Cour supr\u00eame du Canada <\/span>a <\/span>jug\u00e9 que le syst\u00e8me d\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels de l\u2019Ontario <\/span>est discriminatoire \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des<\/span>personnes atteintes d\u2019une maladie mentale.<\/span> Ce syst\u00e8me a<\/span>a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 invalid\u00e9 \u00e0 l’unanimit\u00e9 par la Cour<\/span> au motif qu\u2019il viole la <\/span>garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 <\/span>garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 d\u2019une mani\u00e8re qui n\u2019est ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span>. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une victoire pour les droits \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 concrets de ces personnes <\/span> vivre avec une <\/span>maladie mentale<\/span> et <\/span>affirme le principe fondamental <\/span>selon lequel la loi ne doit pas punir les personnes qui ne sont pas moralement responsables de leurs actes. <\/span>Cette affaire <\/span>aborde<\/span> des questions importantes concernant la mani\u00e8re dont notre droit p\u00e9nal aborde les questions de responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale<\/span> et de la maladie mentale<\/span>. <\/span> <\/p>\n

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Contexte<\/span> <\/u><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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En 1991, le Parlement canadien a r\u00e9form\u00e9 le <\/span>Code criminel <\/span>afin de reconna\u00eetre les besoins et la situation particuliers des personnes qui commettent des infractions p\u00e9nales en raison d\u2019un trouble mental. <\/span>La loi a remplac\u00e9 la d\u00e9tention pour une dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e par un traitement et a mis en place un syst\u00e8me de commissions d\u2019examen provinciales compos\u00e9es d\u2019experts charg\u00e9es d\u2019examiner la d\u00e9cision appropri\u00e9e \u00e0 prendre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard d\u2019une<\/span> accus\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 non responsable p\u00e9nalement (NRC) <\/span>, notamment pour d\u00e9terminer s\u2019il pouvait \u00eatre \u00ab acquitt\u00e9 sans condition \u00bb et ne plus relever de la comp\u00e9tence du droit p\u00e9nal. Cette approche reconna\u00eet que les personnes qui commettent des infractions en raison d\u2019une maladie mentale ne sont pas moralement coupables et que leur besoin de traitement doit occuper une place pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante dans toute d\u00e9cision affectant leur libert\u00e9.<\/span> Quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, le gouvernement de l\u2019Ontario a promulgu\u00e9 sa loi sur l\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels (<\/span>loi Christopher) <\/span>et le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a embo\u00eet\u00e9 le pas en 2004. Ces deux lois exigent l\u2019enregistrement des personnes ayant commis certaines infractions sexuelles, qu\u2019elles aient \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9es apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 reconnues coupables ou d\u00e9clar\u00e9es non responsables p\u00e9nalement.<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Dans <\/span>G. c. Ontario (Procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral), <\/span>la Cour d’appel de l’Ontario <\/span>a jug\u00e9 que les r\u00e9gimes f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et provincial portaient atteinte aux droits constitutionnels des accus\u00e9s de la RCN qui avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 acquitt\u00e9s sans r\u00e9serve par la Commission de r\u00e9vision de l’Ontario. <\/span>Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s \u00e0 la Cour ont montr\u00e9 que, bien qu’une personne reconnue <\/span>coupable <\/span>une infraction sexuelle offre de multiples \u00ab \u00e9chappatoires \u00bb permettant d’\u00e9chapper \u00e0 l’obligation d’enregistrement <\/span>en tant que d\u00e9linquant sexuel <\/span>ou <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>se d\u00e9sinscrire<\/span> au bout d’un certain temps<\/span>, c’est bien plus difficile <\/span>(et parfois impossible) <\/span>pour qu’un accus\u00e9 de NCR agisse ainsi<\/span>. L’absence de <\/span>\u00ab bretelles de sortie \u00bb <\/span>ont enfreint la <\/span>garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 <\/span>garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9<\/span>.<\/span> En effet, les personnes accus\u00e9es d\u2019infractions non criminelles<\/span>d\u2019\u00eatre trait\u00e9s plus s\u00e9v\u00e8rement que les d\u00e9linquants condamn\u00e9s. <\/span>Alors que le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral a choisi de ne pas interjeter appel de cette d\u00e9cision, le gouvernement de l\u2019Ontario a port\u00e9 devant la Cour supr\u00eame la question de la constitutionnalit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me provincial d\u2019enregistrement des d\u00e9linquants sexuels. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame du Canada<\/u><\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame confirme que <\/span>la loi Christopher <\/span>constitue une discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes en raison d\u2019un handicap mental. <\/span>Comme l’indique la majorit\u00e9 : <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00ab La loi elle-m\u00eame v\u00e9hicule des pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s et des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, ce qui alimente une stigmatisation n\u00e9faste ; de plus, la loi place les personnes d\u00e9clar\u00e9es NCRMD dans une <\/span>situation<\/span>que celles des personnes reconnues coupables. Ces deux effets perp\u00e9tuent les d\u00e9savantages historiques et<\/span>que subissent les personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux. \u00bb (paragraphe 67)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La Cour a \u00e9galement <\/span>a conclu que la violation de la garantie d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 n\u2019\u00e9tait ni raisonnable ni justifi\u00e9e<\/span> : la loi n\u2019a pas port\u00e9 atteinte de mani\u00e8re minimale aux droits \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Outre ses arguments selon lesquels le syst\u00e8me d’enregistrement violait le principe d’\u00e9galit\u00e9, l’ACLC avait \u00e9galement fait valoir qu’il y avait violation de la <\/span>Charte <\/span>protection de la vie, de la libert\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de la personne. La Cour a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas n\u00e9cessaire de se prononcer sur cette question, mais, fait significatif, elle a laiss\u00e9 la porte ouverte \u00e0 de futures contestations<\/span> et a reconnu que la jurisprudence ontarienne, selon laquelle l\u2019inscription sur un registre ne constitue qu\u2019une atteinte \u00ab modeste \u00bb \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, a \u00e9t\u00e9 remise en cause<\/span>. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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La d\u00e9cision de la Cour est partag\u00e9e sur la question des mesures de r\u00e9paration. La majorit\u00e9 a suivi l\u2019avis de la Cour d\u2019appel selon lequel le r\u00e9gime d\u2019enregistrement, tel qu\u2019il s\u2019applique aux pr\u00e9venus de l\u2019infraction de non-respect des obligations (NCR) ayant fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un non-lieu d\u00e9finitif, est invalide<\/span>. La Cour a admis que la <\/span>d\u00e9claration d\u2019invalidit\u00e9 <\/span>puisse \u00eatre suspendue pour une p\u00e9riode de 12 mois afin de permettre \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de l\u2019Ontario de se pencher sur ces questions. <\/span> La personne au c\u0153ur de l\u2019affaire \u2013 G \u2013 avait droit \u00e0 une r\u00e9paration imm\u00e9diate consistant en sa radiation du registre. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Outre la d\u00e9cision majoritaire, il existe un avis concordant et un avis partiellement dissident. Ces d\u00e9cisions mettent en \u00e9vidence des divergences int\u00e9ressantes au sein de la Cour quant aux mesures de r\u00e9paration applicables en cas de violation de la Constitution<\/span> et pourraient s\u2019av\u00e9rer importantes pour l\u2019avenir <\/span>affaires <\/span>. <\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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