{"id":15288,"date":"2021-02-10T16:22:58","date_gmt":"2021-02-10T21:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/la-reglementation-des-reseaux-sociaux-un-saut-dans-linconnu\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:11:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:11:59","slug":"la-reglementation-des-reseaux-sociaux-un-saut-dans-linconnu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/la-reglementation-des-reseaux-sociaux-un-saut-dans-linconnu\/","title":{"rendered":"La r\u00e9glementation des r\u00e9seaux sociaux : un saut dans l’inconnu"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]10 f\u00e9vrier 2021<\/b><\/p>\n

Au cours des prochaines <\/span>semaines,<\/span> le gouvernement du Canada <\/span>pr\u00e9voit<\/span> de <\/span>pr\u00e9senter un projet de loi visant \u00e0 lutter contre les \u00ab pr\u00e9judices en ligne \u00bb<\/span>.<\/span><\/a> On ne sait pas encore exactement ce que cela impliquera, mais au minimum <\/span>nous pouvons nous attendre \u00e0 ce que nos communications en ligne soient soumises \u00e0 de nouvelles <\/span>r\u00e8gles<\/span> alors que le gouvernement tente de r\u00e9tablir l’ordre dans un domaine qui a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>, qui, jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, \u00e9chappait largement \u00e0 toute r\u00e9glementation. <\/span>En principe, <\/span>De nombreux Canadiens devraient accueillir favorablement ce genre de changement<\/span><\/a>. <\/span>L’ACLC ne s’oppose pas \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation <\/span>en soi<\/span><\/i>, <\/span><\/i>mais comme d’habitude, tout est dans les d\u00e9tails \u2013 qui sont tous <\/span>actuellement <\/span>on ne sait pas. Quoi qu’il en soit, <\/span>c’est<\/span> <\/span>Il est important d’\u00eatre r\u00e9aliste quant \u00e0 ce que la r\u00e9glementation peut permettre d’accomplir et <\/span>conscients des \u00e9cueils bien r\u00e9els qu\u2019il nous faut \u00e9viter<\/span> <\/span>alors que le Canada se lance dans cette exp\u00e9rience. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nous<\/span>Nous reconnaissons tous que la communication dans le monde en ligne, en particulier via les r\u00e9seaux sociaux<\/span>, peut avoir des r\u00e9percussions importantes \u00ab dans la vie r\u00e9elle \u00bb. <\/span>Les exemples ne manquent pas. <\/span>La pand\u00e9mie et les \u00e9lections am\u00e9ricaines ont mis en \u00e9vidence le danger que repr\u00e9sentent les fausses informations<\/span> : \u00e0 quel point il peut \u00eatre difficile d\u2019y faire face et \u00e0 quelle vitesse elle peut se propager<\/span>. <\/span>Alors que<\/span> <\/span>les voix qui militent pour la justice raciale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/span>\u00e9lev\u00e9 <\/span>tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sent dans la sph\u00e8re publique<\/span> \u2013 et, dans certains cas, consid\u00e9rablement amplifi\u00e9es par les r\u00e9seaux sociaux \u2013 <\/span>nous savons \u00e9galement que les espaces en ligne peuvent \u00eatre dangereux pour les personnes victimes de discrimination raciale, et que <\/span>menaces et <\/span>la haine sous toutes ses formes (<\/span>le racisme, <\/span>misogynie, islamophobie, ant<\/span>i<\/span>antis\u00e9mitisme<\/span>, l’homophobie, la transphobie<\/span>, <\/span>etc.<\/span>) peuvent s’envenimer et se propager sur<\/span>ligne<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Identifier le probl\u00e8me, c’est facile. Le r\u00e9soudre ? Ce n’est pas si simple. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, nous disposons d\u00e9j\u00e0 de lois qui <\/span>restreignent notre fa\u00e7on de communiquer et <\/span>ce <\/span><\/i>nous pouvons communiquer. <\/span>Le fait de prof\u00e9rer des menaces, de harceler et d\u2019inciter \u00e0 la haine<\/span> \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de groupes identifiables<\/span>. <\/span>Certains codes provinciaux des droits de la personne <\/span>restreignent<\/span> <\/span>discours de haine<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>L\u00e9gislation en mati\u00e8re de diffamation <\/span>permettre aux gens de poursuivre en justice ceux qui <\/span>r\u00e9pandre des mensonges pr\u00e9judiciables \u00e0 leur sujet, nuisant ainsi \u00e0 leur r\u00e9putation. <\/span>Mais notre loi supr\u00eame, la <\/span>Charte des droits et libert\u00e9s, <\/span><\/i>garantit la libert\u00e9 d’expression et stipule que les restrictions \u00e0 cette libert\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre raisonnables et justifi\u00e9es. <\/span>Donc <\/span>Code p\u00e9nal <\/span><\/i>infractions, les dispositions relatives aux droits de l’homme et la <\/span>droit de la diffamation <\/span>doivent tous <\/span>trouver le juste \u00e9quilibre<\/span>. <\/span>Les tribunaux canadiens ont <\/span>s’est prononc\u00e9e \u00e0 maintes reprises pour r\u00e9affirmer ce principe et adapter les r\u00e8gles lorsque cela s’av\u00e9rait n\u00e9cessaire<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>C’est un \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9licat. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Tant notre Constitution que nos tribunaux reconnaissent explicitement et clairement l’importance de la libert\u00e9 d’expression \u2013 \u00e0 quel point <\/span>elle est essentielle \u00e0 la<\/span>d\u00e9mocratie et <\/span>la <\/span>promotion et de la <\/span>d\u00e9fense<\/span> <\/span>ou d’autres droits<\/span>. <\/span>Nos<\/span>Nos tribunaux ont affirm\u00e9 \u00e0 maintes reprises que <\/span>si nous tenons \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, nous devons tol\u00e9rer <\/span>les propos que nous trouvons offensants<\/span>et m\u00eame nuisibles.<\/span> et m\u00eame nuisibles. <\/span>Ce que vous ou moi pourrions qualifier de <\/span>discours de haine n\u2019est pas la m\u00eame chose que ce que la loi <\/span>peut restreindre en vertu des lois sur les discours haineux. En vertu de ces lois, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, seuls les propos les plus extr\u00eames et les plus ignobles <\/span> les attaques contre des groupes identifiables <\/span>sont passibles de sanctions p\u00e9nales<\/span>. <\/span>Comme l\u2019a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la Cour supr\u00eame dans sa d\u00e9cision la plus r\u00e9cente <\/span>sur la question : <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

La l\u00e9gislation sur les discours haineux n’a pas pour but de dissuader l’expression d’id\u00e9es r\u00e9pugnantes ou offensantes.\u202f <\/span>Elle n\u2019interdit pas, par exemple, les propos qui d\u00e9battent de l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de restreindre les droits des groupes vuln\u00e9rables de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/span><\/i>\u202f Elle restreint uniquement l\u2019utilisation d\u2019expressions qui les exposent \u00e0 la haine dans le cadre de ce d\u00e9bat. Elle ne vise pas les id\u00e9es, mais leur mode d\u2019expression en public et l\u2019effet que ce mode d\u2019expression peut avoir.<\/span> (<\/span>Saskatchewan (Commission des droits de la personne) c. <\/span><\/i>Whatcott<\/span><\/i>, <\/span><\/i>2013 CSC<\/span> 11<\/span><\/a> , paragraphe 51<\/span>, italiques ajout\u00e9s<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nos tribunaux ont \u00e9galement reconnu le danger que pourraient repr\u00e9senter <\/span>des tentatives visant \u00e0 interdire la diffusion de \u00ab fausses informations \u00bb. Dans <\/span>affaire qui a invalid\u00e9 <\/span>ce <\/span>infraction du Code p\u00e9nal <\/span><\/i>infraction<\/span><\/a> \u2013 qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour <\/span>poursuivre le tristement c\u00e9l\u00e8bre n\u00e9gationniste Ernst Zundel \u2013 la <\/span>majorit\u00e9 de la Cour supr\u00eame a reconnu<\/span> <\/span>si la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et le mensonge peuvent para\u00eetre \u00e9vidents et faciles \u00e0 distinguer dans certains cas, <\/span>beaucoup moins dans d\u2019autres, en particulier lorsque des faits sociaux et <\/span>historiques complexes sont en jeu.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Tout cela laisse supposer une <\/span>quelque peu<\/span> <\/span>mod\u00e9r\u00e9 <\/span>r\u00f4le de la loi dans <\/span>traiter <\/span>bon nombre des <\/span>pr\u00e9judices d\u00e9coulant de la <\/span>la communication, quel que soit le lieu ou la mani\u00e8re dont celle-ci s\u2019effectue. <\/span>Cela sugg\u00e8re qu\u2019 <\/span>une part importante de la <\/span>responsabilit\u00e9 de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 ces pr\u00e9judices<\/span> incombe n\u00e9cessairement <\/span>ceux qui consomment des informations en ligne \u2013 nous devons acqu\u00e9rir les comp\u00e9tences de r\u00e9flexion critique n\u00e9cessaires pour distinguer la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de la fiction. Nous devons r\u00e9agir et contrer <\/span>aux propos pr\u00e9judiciables qui pourraient \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l\u2019application de la loi.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Il faudra voir si le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral partage ce point de vue. Il est probable qu’il mette en place un <\/span>un nouvel organisme de r\u00e9glementation, tel que le CRTC, afin de tenter de rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 certains des pr\u00e9judices caus\u00e9s sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux. Il <\/span>Il se pourrait <\/span>que certaines obligations soient impos\u00e9es aux plateformes afin qu\u2019elles suppriment rapidement certaines cat\u00e9gories de contenus. C\u2019est le mod\u00e8le qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 dans certains pays europ\u00e9ens et, bien qu\u2019il n\u2019existe pas de donn\u00e9es probantes sur son efficacit\u00e9, il est probable que les plateformes qui s\u2019exposent \u00e0 des amendes colossales en cas de non-suppression de contenus \u00ab manifestement ill\u00e9gaux \u00bb pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent p\u00e9cher par exc\u00e8s de censure plut\u00f4t que par manque. Un nouveau r\u00e9gime r\u00e9glementaire pour les m\u00e9dias sociaux ne devrait pas chercher \u00e0 r\u00e9inventer la roue<\/span> et red\u00e9finir ce qui constitue une expression l\u00e9gale au Canada<\/span>. Il devrait combler les lacunes et circonscrire soigneusement tout pouvoir conf\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 un nouvel organisme qui pourrait \u00e9touffer, r\u00e9duire au silence ou censurer la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression<\/span> . Et <\/span>elle doit reconna\u00eetre et respecter les limites clairement \u00e9tablies par la loi. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

L’ACLC ne <\/span>s’oppose pas \u00e0 l’exp\u00e9rimentation de r\u00e8gles pr\u00e9cises et claires <\/span>qui pourraient rem\u00e9dier efficacement \u00e0 certains des <\/span>dommages que les r\u00e9seaux sociaux peuvent causer et ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 caus\u00e9s, mais nous devons reconna\u00eetre <\/span>que nous <\/span>essayons de bricoler <\/span>\u00e0 <\/span>l’une de nos libert\u00e9s les plus fondamentales. Le gouvernement devrait agir avec prudence, et l’ACLC restera vigilante <\/span>et sera pr\u00eate \u00e0 contester <\/span>toute r\u00e9glementation qui porterait atteinte \u00e0 cette libert\u00e9 ou la compromettrait. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Cara Zwibel est directrice du programme \u00ab Libert\u00e9s fondamentales \u00bb \u00e0 l’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles<\/i><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) va contester l’injonction d’une port\u00e9e exceptionnellement large \u00e9mise par le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse, qui restreint les manifestations dans la province.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[292,267,301],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-liberte-dexpression","category-libertes-fondamentales","category-reglementation-de-lexpression-en-ligne"],"yoast_head":"\nLa r\u00e9glementation des r\u00e9seaux sociaux : un saut dans l'inconnu - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La r\u00e9glementation des r\u00e9seaux sociaux : un saut dans l'inconnu - 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