{"id":15145,"date":"2020-06-26T16:25:58","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T20:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/a-propos-du-port-obligatoire-du-masque\/"},"modified":"2026-06-11T10:10:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T14:10:18","slug":"a-propos-du-port-obligatoire-du-masque","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/libertes-fondamentales\/a-propos-du-port-obligatoire-du-masque\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 propos du port obligatoire du masque"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1355″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb4%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbpost-links\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb30″][vc_column_text]26 juin 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 propos du port obligatoire du masque<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n

Le port de masques non m\u00e9dicaux si n\u00e9cessaire, mais pas n\u00e9cessairement une obligation l\u00e9gale de porter un masque : telle est la position actuelle de l\u2019ACLC concernant le port du masque dans le contexte de la COVID-19. Les opinions divergent fortement quant \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des masques non m\u00e9dicaux, et les entreprises ainsi que les gouvernements envisagent de plus en plus de rendre le port du masque obligatoire. Alors que les avis des responsables de la sant\u00e9 publique sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des masques ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 rapidement, ce qui a sem\u00e9 une certaine confusion dans le public, des dizaines de milliers de personnes soutiennent le \u00ab port universel obligatoire du masque \u00bb au Canada. Mais les nouvelles lois rendant le port du masque obligatoire sont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le type de mesure gouvernementale qui a tendance \u00e0 aller trop loin, au d\u00e9triment d\u00e9raisonnable et injustifi\u00e9 de nos libert\u00e9s. \u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, l\u2019ACLC <\/b>ne<\/i><\/b> soutient pas <\/b>des <\/i><\/b>qui imposent le port de masques non m\u00e9dicaux dans <\/b>tous les <\/i><\/b>lieux publics ferm\u00e9s<\/b> <\/p>\n

Voici cinq points \u00e0 retenir concernant notre position sur le port des masques non m\u00e9dicaux dans les lieux publics<\/b>: <\/span><\/p>\n

1) Il existe une diff\u00e9rence entre une loi adopt\u00e9e par un gouvernement imposant le port du masque et une politique mise en place par une entreprise priv\u00e9e allant dans ce sens. D’une part, les entreprises priv\u00e9es doivent respecter la l\u00e9gislation relative aux droits de l’homme, mais elles ont par ailleurs, dans de nombreux cas, la libert\u00e9 de choisir avec qui elles souhaitent faire affaire. Les entreprises priv\u00e9es ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas soumises \u00e0 la Constitution, qui r\u00e9git les gouvernements, les lois et les politiques publiques. Les gouvernements, en revanche, doivent justifier les restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9, telles que l’obligation de porter un masque, en d\u00e9montrant qu’elles sont \u00e0 la fois raisonnables et justifi\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9montrable<\/b> (c’est-\u00e0-dire fond\u00e9es sur des preuves). <\/p>\n

2) Les donn\u00e9es scientifiques concernant l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des masques non m\u00e9dicaux sont mitig\u00e9es. Cela n\u2019a rien \u00e0 voir avec l\u2019obligation du port de la ceinture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1970. Une obligation l\u00e9gale <\/i>de porter un masque dans tous les lieux publics ferm\u00e9s constitue une tentative de modification massive, et peut-\u00eatre permanente, des comportements de l\u2019ensemble de la population. Un changement l\u00e9gislatif de cette ampleur doit s’appuyer sur des preuves plus solides que celles dont nous disposons actuellement. <\/b> <\/p>\n

3) D’apr\u00e8s les derni\u00e8res recommandations des autorit\u00e9s sanitaires canadiennes, le port du masque est recommand\u00e9 lorsque la distanciation physique n’est pas possible ou difficile \u00e0 garantir. Il existe de nombreux lieux publics ferm\u00e9s o\u00f9 la distanciation physique peut \u00eatre facilement respect\u00e9e ; par cons\u00e9quent, une r\u00e8gle <\/b>imposant<\/i><\/b> le port du masque dans tous ces lieux serait trop g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/b> Une biblioth\u00e8que publique rurale un apr\u00e8s-midi de semaine ne devrait pas \u00eatre trait\u00e9e de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re qu\u2019une rame de m\u00e9tro urbaine bond\u00e9e aux heures de pointe. M\u00eame si un gouvernement \u00e9num\u00e9rait par voie r\u00e9glementaire toutes les exceptions \u00e0 une r\u00e8gle, il ne pourrait en aucun cas les couvrir toutes, ce qui signifie que la loi serait in\u00e9vitablement trop g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. <\/p>\n

4) Le port du masque n’est pas recommand\u00e9 d’un point de vue m\u00e9dical pour certaines personnes et peut s’av\u00e9rer contre-productif pour d’autres (par exemple, les jeunes enfants, qui sont plus susceptibles de se toucher le visage lorsqu’ils portent un masque). Si les obligations de port du masque (y compris les politiques des magasins) peuvent pr\u00e9voir des exceptions pour ces personnes, une application efficace de ces r\u00e8gles pourrait n\u00e9cessiter des questions intrusives afin de d\u00e9terminer qui peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de ces exceptions, ce qui soul\u00e8ve des pr\u00e9occupations concernant le droit \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et le partage d\u2019informations m\u00e9dicales confidentielles.<\/b> La t\u00e2che de l’application de la r\u00e8gle incombera probablement \u00e0 des entreprises et \u00e0 des particuliers qui pourraient ne pas \u00eatre suffisamment \u00e9quip\u00e9s pour cela (par exemple, demander \u00e0 un h\u00f4te d’accueil dans une \u00e9picerie d’interroger les clients sur leur \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 et de d\u00e9terminer qui devrait \u00eatre autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 entrer sans masque), et pourrait exposer \u00e0 un risque accru tant les personnes charg\u00e9es de l’application que celles qui y sont soumises <\/p>\n

5) En ce qui concerne les masques non m\u00e9dicaux, il convient de mettre en place des actions de sensibilisation et de diffuser des messages clairs concernant <\/b>recommandations <\/i><\/b>\u00e9mises par les responsables de la sant\u00e9 publique sont pr\u00e9f\u00e9rables \u00e0 <\/b>des obligations l\u00e9gales assorties de mesures coercitives, <\/i><\/b>du moins d\u2019apr\u00e8s les donn\u00e9es scientifiques disponibles \u00e0 ce jour. Si <\/b>certaines juridictions peuvent choisir de mettre en place des obligations l\u00e9gales sans pour autant faire respecter les r\u00e8gles, cela cr\u00e9e, selon nous, des probl\u00e8mes en soi en termes de respect de l\u2019\u00c9tat de droit et de pr\u00e9vention des conflits publics. Par exemple, la Toronto Transit Commission a annonc\u00e9 qu\u2019elle rendait le port du masque obligatoire, mais qu\u2019elle ne ferait pas respecter cette obligation, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rant se concentrer sur la sensibilisation. Mettre l\u2019accent sur la sensibilisation est tout \u00e0 fait judicieux, mais les usagers s\u2019attendront certainement aussi \u00e0 ce que les personnes enfreignant la r\u00e8gle du port obligatoire du masque ne soient pas autoris\u00e9es \u00e0 monter \u00e0 bord et \u00e0 ce que les conducteurs et les contr\u00f4leurs de transport en commun fassent respecter les r\u00e8gles. Comme pour l\u2019application de nombreuses r\u00e8gles et lois, nous nous inqui\u00e9tons de savoir qui sera le plus touch\u00e9 et si les communaut\u00e9s racialis\u00e9es et marginalis\u00e9es seront affect\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e. \u00c0 ce sujet, veuillez consulter notre rapport publi\u00e9 en juin 2020, Stay Off the Grass : ACLC et le projet de cartographie \u00ab Policing the Pandemic \u00bb sur les contraventions pendant la COVID<\/i> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cara Faith Zwibel est avocate et directrice du programme des libert\u00e9s fondamentales \u00e0 l’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles. <\/i>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’Association canadienne des libert\u00e9s civiles (ACLC) va contester l’injonction d’une port\u00e9e exceptionnellement large \u00e9mise par le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-\u00c9cosse, qui restreint les manifestations dans la province.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14636,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345,292,267],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-covid-19","category-liberte-dexpression","category-libertes-fondamentales"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c0 propos du port obligatoire du masque - CCLA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c0 propos du port obligatoire du masque - 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