{"id":14082,"date":"2022-12-15T15:58:21","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T20:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/non-classe\/rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T15:18:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T19:18:41","slug":"rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/vie-privee\/rapport-international-sous-surveillance-mauvaise-utilisation-des-technologies-dans-les-interventions-durgence\/","title":{"rendered":"Rapport international : Sous surveillance : (Mauvaise) utilisation des technologies dans les interventions d’urgence"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Les partenaires internationaux de l’ACLC publient un rapport sur la (mauvaise) utilisation des technologies au niveau mondial pendant la pand\u00e9mie<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le R\u00e9seau international des organisations de d\u00e9fense des libert\u00e9s civiles, dont l’ACLC fait partie, ainsi que le Centre europ\u00e9en pour le droit des organisations \u00e0 but non lucratif et Privacy International se sont associ\u00e9s pour suivre les impacts n\u00e9gatifs des technologies et des mesures de surveillance d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es pendant la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 sur les mouvements et les organisations militantes. Ils ont men\u00e9 une vaste enqu\u00eate sur les mesures de surveillance adopt\u00e9es lors de la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 dans les 15 pays membres de l’OIDC (y compris le Canada), puis ont travaill\u00e9 en collaboration avec des groupes et des chercheurs locaux pour approfondir la question en Colombie, en France, en Indon\u00e9sie, au Kenya et en Afrique du Sud. <\/p>\n

Le rapport identifie cinq grandes tendances.<\/p>\n

1) R\u00e9utilisation des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 existantes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les lois, les technologies et les agences qui \u00e9taient auparavant associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la lutte contre le terrorisme et \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9orient\u00e9es vers le nouvel objectif de lutte contre la propagation du Covid-19. Nous avons trouv\u00e9 des preuves que les lois sur la cybercriminalit\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tendues pour censurer les voix critiques et pers\u00e9cuter les personnes accus\u00e9es de diffuser des informations erron\u00e9es sur la pand\u00e9mie au Bangladesh, en Indon\u00e9sie, au Kenya, au Niger et en Arabie Saoudite. <\/p>\n

2) La r\u00e9duction au silence de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des pays comme les Philippines, la Russie et l’Afrique du Sud ont introduit une nouvelle l\u00e9gislation pour criminaliser la d\u00e9sinformation li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie. Associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des sanctions p\u00e9nales – jusqu’\u00e0 six ans de prison en Argentine – et \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res peu clairs pour d\u00e9finir ce qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme de la d\u00e9sinformation, ces mesures contribuent \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un climat de peur et d’intimidation. La technologie de surveillance a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour contr\u00f4ler les espaces publics sous pr\u00e9texte de faire respecter les exigences en mati\u00e8re de quarantaine et de distanciation sociale. <\/p>\n

3) Le risque d’utilisation abusive des donn\u00e9es \u00e0 caract\u00e8re personnel<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les gouvernements ont mis en place divers outils technologiques destin\u00e9s \u00e0 tracer la propagation du virus – dont beaucoup d\u00e9pendaient de la vaste collecte de donn\u00e9es personnelles, y compris de donn\u00e9es sensibles. Ces technologies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement con\u00e7ues et introduites sans grande consultation publique
\nou surveillance. Nous avons constat\u00e9 que de nombreuses applications de recherche de contacts ou de mise en quarantaine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 introduites sans justification ni base juridique, ce qui est disproportionn\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 l’objectif d\u00e9clar\u00e9, cr\u00e9ant une menace s\u00e9rieuse d’abus de donn\u00e9es, y compris le risque de cibler les activistes. <\/p>\n

4) Le r\u00f4le influent des entreprises priv\u00e9es<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pendant la pand\u00e9mie, les entreprises ont coop\u00e9r\u00e9 avec les gouvernements pour d\u00e9velopper des applications et des outils de recherche de contacts et se sont engag\u00e9es dans des accords de partage de donn\u00e9es souvent obscurs. Dans des pays comme la Colombie et le Royaume-Uni, la port\u00e9e des accords opaques de partenariat public-priv\u00e9 n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e qu’apr\u00e8s que les militants ont exig\u00e9 la transparence par le biais des lois sur la libert\u00e9 de l’information. La pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence l’influence croissante des g\u00e9ants de la technologie, tels que Google et
\nApple, qui ont pu dicter les protocoles des applications de suivi des contacts et, par cons\u00e9quent, fa\u00e7onner les r\u00e9ponses de sant\u00e9 publique, soulevant ainsi des questions importantes sur le contr\u00f4le d\u00e9mocratique et la responsabilit\u00e9 de la capacit\u00e9 des entreprises priv\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des normes mondiales en temps de crise. <\/p>\n

5) La normalisation de la surveillance au-del\u00e0 de la pand\u00e9mie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nous avons de bonnes raisons de craindre la possibilit\u00e9 d’un d\u00e9tournement de mission, car nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu certains gouvernements annoncer leur intention d’utiliser les donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es pendant la pand\u00e9mie \u00e0 des fins secondaires, telles que le d\u00e9veloppement de plateformes nationales de sant\u00e9 en Colombie, en Inde et en Afrique du Sud. L’utilisation de donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es \u00e0 l’origine dans des circonstances exceptionnelles \u00e0 des fins non urgentes viole le principe de limitation de la finalit\u00e9 et contribue \u00e0 la normalisation d’un \u00c9tat de surveillance (
\n) qui accumule de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es sur les personnes d’une mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 sa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 et \u00e0 son caract\u00e8re intrusif. <\/p>\n

Sur la base de ces conclusions, le rapport formule des recommandations \u00e0 l’intention des acteurs \u00e9tatiques, des entreprises et de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, appelant \u00e0 un meilleur respect des droits de l’homme, \u00e0 une plus grande transparence des nouvelles mesures de surveillance et \u00e0 des garanties juridiques pour toute collecte et utilisation extraordinaires de donn\u00e9es lors de situations d’urgence publique \u00e0 l’avenir.<\/p>\n

Lire le r\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Lire le rapport<\/a><\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_global_section id=\u00a0\u00bb1461″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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