{"id":12635,"date":"2021-07-06T01:39:15","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T05:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/notre-travail\/vie-privee\/surveillance-et-technologie\/reconnaissance-faciale\/"},"modified":"2026-06-10T14:31:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T18:31:18","slug":"reconnaissance-faciale","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/staging.ccla.org\/fr\/notre-travail\/vie-privee\/surveillance-et-technologie\/reconnaissance-faciale\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconnaissance faciale"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb 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La reconnaissance faciale utilise les caract\u00e9ristiques physiques de notre visage pour cr\u00e9er un mod\u00e8le math\u00e9matique qui nous est propre, tout comme une empreinte digitale. \u00c0 l’ACLC, nous pensons qu’il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de parler d'\u00a0\u00bbempreintes faciales\u00a0\u00bb plut\u00f4t que de reconnaissance, car cela donne une id\u00e9e plus pr\u00e9cise de ce dont nous parlons : un identifiant inextricablement li\u00e9 \u00e0 notre corps. Dans un sens, il s’agit d’une forme extr\u00eame de fichage, car nous devenons tous des cartes d’identit\u00e9 ambulantes. <\/span><\/p>\n

La reconnaissance faciale risque d’an\u00e9antir la vie priv\u00e9e en public. Imaginez que quelqu’un soit capable d’identifier votre nom, votre adresse, votre lieu de travail, votre groupe d’amis et bien d’autres facteurs priv\u00e9s simplement en prenant une photo de vous en public et en l’analysant dans une base de donn\u00e9es. Cela peut sembler relever de la th\u00e9orie du complot, mais des entreprises priv\u00e9es, telles que Clearview AI, ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 rendu cela possible en collectant des milliards de photos sur l’internet et les plateformes de m\u00e9dias sociaux, puis en en donnant l’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 toute personne qui paie un abonnement. Ces entreprises et leurs abonn\u00e9s peuvent alors suivre notre comportement de consommateur, les politiciens peuvent utiliser nos donn\u00e9es pour influencer la prise de d\u00e9cision, les \u00e9trangers savent o\u00f9 vous vivez et travaillez. <\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_highlighted_text color_type=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb highlight_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ef770e\u00a0\u00bb style=\u00a0\u00bbfull_text\u00a0\u00bb highlight_expansion=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n

Nous pensons que la reconnaissance faciale met en p\u00e9ril les droits que vous conf\u00e8re la Charte :<\/em><\/h5>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][vc_column_text]\n

votre libert\u00e9 d’association, votre libert\u00e9 d’expression, votre droit de ne pas \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 des fouilles et saisies abusives, la pr\u00e9somption d’innocence, et m\u00eame votre droit de manifester.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Il y a aussi la question de la discrimination qui est inextricablement li\u00e9e aux programmes actuels de reconnaissance faciale. L’\u00e9tude<\/a><\/span> apr\u00e8s \u00e9tude<\/a><\/span> ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la technologie de reconnaissance faciale est plus pr\u00e9cise sur les visages d’hommes blancs, et qu’elle est pire pour les femmes, les jeunes et les personnes de couleur, en particulier les Noirs. D’ailleurs, de nombreuses entreprises qui fabriquent cette technologie, dont IBM, Microsoft et Amazon, ont volontairement choisi d’arr\u00eater de la vendre parce qu’elles reconnaissent qu’elle peut causer de terribles pr\u00e9judices sociaux. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, au Canada, la technologie de reconnaissance faciale a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e par les forces de police sans pr\u00e9avis, sans consultation s\u00e9rieuse, sans contr\u00f4le public et sans obligation de rendre des comptes.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

L’ACLC estime que ce manque de transparence et de respect de la vie priv\u00e9e ne doit pas \u00eatre accept\u00e9 comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment normal de la vie au 21e si\u00e8cle.<\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

L’ACLC estime que la question n’est pas de savoir comment ou quand utiliser la reconnaissance faciale, mais si – et tant que l’on n’a pas la possibilit\u00e9 d’\u00e9valuer pleinement les risques, la pr\u00e9cision de la technologie et le co\u00fbt des erreurs et des \u00e9checs, cette technologie ne devrait pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e, en particulier \u00e0 des fins d’application de la loi.<\/span><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#1e5799″ scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb50″ bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb40″ text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_custom_heading text=\u00a0\u00bbReconnaissance faciale et police\u00a0\u00bb font_container=\u00a0\u00bbtag:h3|font_size:30|text_align:left|color:%23ffffff|line_height:1.3″ use_theme_fonts=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbSmall Line\u00a0\u00bb line_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb line_thickness=\u00a0\u00bb5″ divider_color=\u00a0\u00bbextra-color-1″ animate=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb50″ custom_line_width=\u00a0\u00bb120″][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

Clearview AI est une entreprise technologique am\u00e9ricaine qui a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 trois milliards de photos de personnes sur Internet, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de reconnaissance faciale pour exploiter cette base de donn\u00e9es et en commercialise l’acc\u00e8s aux forces de police et \u00e0 d’autres personnes. Nos pr\u00e9occupations vont au-del\u00e0 des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur l’utilisation de la technologie de Clearview AI, car il existe d’autres syst\u00e8mes de reconnaissance faciale disponibles et utilis\u00e9s. <\/p>\n

L’ACLC a de s\u00e9rieuses inqui\u00e9tudes concernant la transparence de l’utilisation de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale par les forces de l’ordre canadiennes. Ces pr\u00e9occupations ont conduit l’ACLC \u00e0 \u00e9crire \u00e0 plusieurs forces de police \u00e0 travers le pays pour leur demander lesquelles d’entre elles avaient envisag\u00e9 ou utilisaient Clearview \u00e0 l’insu et sans le consentement du public. <\/p>\n

La police provinciale de l’Ontario, le service de police d’Edmonton et la police r\u00e9gionale de Halifax ont tous d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’ils ne disposaient d’aucun dossier correspondant \u00e0 notre demande. Cependant, les m\u00e9dias ont ensuite r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que ces trois services de police utilisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 Clearview AI. Nous avons contact\u00e9 la GRC et la police de Calgary, qui ont demand\u00e9 un d\u00e9lai suppl\u00e9mentaire, et pendant que nous attendions, les m\u00e9dias ont parl\u00e9 de leur utilisation de Clearview AI. Trois autres services de police ont fait l’objet d’articles dans les m\u00e9dias et nous les avons contact\u00e9s. Sur les neuf services de police que nous avons contact\u00e9s, huit ont \u00e9t\u00e9 inform\u00e9s qu’ils utilisaient Clearview AI. <\/p>\n

Une enqu\u00eate<\/a> lanc\u00e9e par le commissaire \u00e0 la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e du Canada et les commissaires du Qu\u00e9bec, de l’Alberta et de la Colombie-Britannique a r\u00e9cemment abouti au retrait de Clearview AI du Canada, mais les r\u00e9sultats de cette enqu\u00eate sont encore attendus et r\u00e9v\u00e9leront, nous l’esp\u00e9rons, la mani\u00e8re dont Clearview AI n’a pas respect\u00e9 les exigences des lois canadiennes sur la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e et la mesure dans laquelle les forces de police ont commis l’erreur de l’utiliser sans l’avoir correctement \u00e9valu\u00e9 du point de vue de la protection de la vie priv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n

La contrainte, la contrainte excessive, la d\u00e9tention – tout cela \u00e9tait ill\u00e9gal et susceptible de donner lieu \u00e0 des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1″ column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3″ width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n

En mai 2019, notre directeur ex\u00e9cutif, Michael Bryant, a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 une d\u00e9putation<\/a> recommandant un moratoire sur l’utilisation future de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9crit que la technologie de reconnaissance faciale est ill\u00e9gale en ce qu’elle constitue une fouille massive, indiscrimin\u00e9e, disproportionn\u00e9e, inutile et sans mandat de personnes innocentes sans motif raisonnable et probable. <\/p>\n

En juillet 2020, l’ACLC a cosign\u00e9 une lettre de la Coalition pour la surveillance internationale des libert\u00e9s civiles adress\u00e9e au ministre de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 publique, Bill Blair<\/a>, demandant l’interdiction de la surveillance par reconnaissance faciale par les agences f\u00e9d\u00e9rales d’application de la loi et de renseignement, une consultation publique significative sur tous les aspects de la technologie de reconnaissance faciale au Canada, et la mise en place de politiques et de lois claires et transparentes r\u00e9glementant l’utilisation de la reconnaissance faciale au Canada.<\/p>\n

Nous pensons que l’utilisation de Clearview met en \u00e9vidence une crise plus large de la responsabilit\u00e9 de la police lors de l’acquisition et de l’utilisation d’outils de surveillance \u00e9mergents, et nous devons rester fermes pour d\u00e9fendre nos droits \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et lutter contre les effets n\u00e9fastes de la surveillance de masse.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][nectar_highlighted_text color_type=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb highlight_color=\u00a0\u00bb#012858″ style=\u00a0\u00bbfull_text\u00a0\u00bb highlight_expansion=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n

Dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 libre et d\u00e9mocratique, les policiers ne peuvent interf\u00e9rer avec l’exercice des libert\u00e9s individuelles que dans la mesure permise par la loi.<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_color=\u00a0\u00bb#f2f2f2″ scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb enable_gradient=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0.3)\u00a0\u00bb 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